Amershi, Saleema, Dan Weld, Mihaela Vorvoreanu, Adam Fourney, Besmira Nushi, Penny Collisson, Jina Suh, et al. 2019. “Guidelines for Human-AI Interaction.” In Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1–13. ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300233.
Berry, Dianne C., and Donald E. Broadbent. 1984. “On the Relationship Between Task Performance and Associated Verbalizable Knowledge.” Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology A 36 (2): 209–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/14640748408402156.
Bovens, Mark, and Stavros Zouridis. 2002. “From Street-Level to System-Level Bureaucracies: How Information and Communication Technology Is Transforming Administrative Discretion and Constitutional Control.” Public Administration Review 62 (2): 174–84. https://doi.org/10.1111/0033-3352.00168.
Card, Stuart K., Thomas P. Moran, and Allen Newell. 1983. The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Cavalcanti, Izaias. 2026a. “Cognitive Distance in Document Submission Systems: Why Users Struggle with Simple Digital Tasks.” SSRN preprint. https://ssrn.com/abstract=6663858.
———. 2026b. “Accessibility Debt Is Real Debt.” Preprint, ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/400450994.
———. 2026c. “Cognitive Distance in Information Systems: From Concept to Measurement to Field Evidence.” Preprint, ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/408144928.
Ceaparu, Irina, Jonathan Lazar, Katie Bessiere, John Robinson, and Ben Shneiderman. 2004. “Determining Causes and Severity of End-User Frustration.” International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction 17 (3): 333–56. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327590ijhc1703_3.
Chignell, M. H., P. A. Hancock, and A. Loewenthal. 1989. “An Introduction to Intelligent Interfaces.” In Intelligent Interfaces: Theory, Research, and Design, edited by P. A. Hancock and M. H. Chignell. North-Holland.
Conway, Melvin E. 1968. “How Do Committees Invent?” Datamation 14 (4): 28–31.
Doshi-Velez, Finale, and Been Kim. 2017. “Towards a Rigorous Science of Interpretable Machine Learning.” arXiv:1702.08608.
Ehn, Pelle. 1988. Work-Oriented Design of Computer Artifacts. Arbetslivscentrum.
Engelbart, Douglas C. 1962. “Augmenting Human Intellect: A Conceptual Framework.” Stanford Research Institute.
Ericsson, K. Anders, and Herbert A. Simon. 1993. Protocol Analysis: Verbal Reports as Data. Revised. MIT Press.
Eubanks, Virginia. 2018. Automating Inequality: How High-Tech Tools Profile, Police, and Punish the Poor. St. Martin’s Press.
Gentner, Dedre, and Albert L. Stevens, eds. 1983. Mental Models. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Herd, Pamela, and Donald P. Moynihan. 2018. Administrative Burden: Policymaking by Other Means. Russell Sage Foundation.
Hinds, Pamela J. 1999. “The Curse of Expertise: The Effects of Expertise and Debiasing Methods on Predictions of Novice Performance.” Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 5 (2): 205–21. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-898X.5.2.205.
Hornbæk, Kasper. 2006. “Current Practice in Measuring Usability: Challenges to Usability Studies and Research.” International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 64 (2): 79–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2005.06.002.
Hutchins, Edwin L., James D. Hollan, and Donald A. Norman. 1985. “Direct Manipulation Interfaces.” Human-Computer Interaction 1 (4): 311–38. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327051hci0104_2.
Irizarry, Taya, Annette DeVito Dabbs, and Christine R. Curran. 2015. “Patient Portals and Patient Engagement: A State of the Science Review.” Journal of Medical Internet Research 17 (6): e148. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.4255.
Johnson-Laird, Philip N. 1983. Mental Models. Cambridge University Press.
Kay, Alan, and Adele Goldberg. 1977. “Personal Dynamic Media.” Computer 10 (3): 31–41. https://doi.org/10.1109/C-M.1977.217672.
Kieras, David E., and Susan Bovair. 1984. “The Role of a Mental Model in Learning to Operate a Device.” Cognitive Science 8 (3): 255–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0364-0213(84)80003-8.
Kirschner, Paul A. 2002. “Cognitive Load Theory: Implications of Cognitive Load Theory on the Design of Learning.” Learning and Instruction 12 (1): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0959-4752(01)00014-7.
Kruger, Justin, and David Dunning. 1999. “Unskilled and Unaware of It: How Difficulties in Recognizing One’s Own Incompetence Lead to Inflated Self-Assessments.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 77 (6): 1121–34. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.77.6.1121.
Kulesza, Todd, Simone Stumpf, Margaret Burnett, Sherry Yang, Irwin Kwan, and Weng-Keen Wong. 2013. “Too Much, Too Little, or Just Right? Ways Explanations Impact End Users’ Mental Models.” In IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL/HCC), 3–10. https://doi.org/10.1109/VLHCC.2013.6645235.
LeCun, Yann, Yoshua Bengio, and Geoffrey Hinton. 2015. “Deep Learning.” Nature 521: 436–44. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14539.
Lee, John D., and Katrina A. See. 2004. “Trust in Automation: Designing for Appropriate Reliance.” Human Factors 46 (1): 50–80. https://doi.org/10.1518/hfes.46.1.50_30392.
Lehman, Meir M. 1980. “Programs, Life Cycles, and Laws of Software Evolution.” Proceedings of the IEEE 68 (9): 1060–76. https://doi.org/10.1109/PROC.1980.11805.
Li, Z., and L. Liu. 2025. “Avoiding Bureaucratese: The Impact of Bureaucratic Language in Digital Public Encounters.” Public Management Review. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2025.2607616.
Lim, Brian Y., Anind K. Dey, and Daniel Avrahami. 2009. “Why and Why Not Explanations Improve the Intelligibility of Context-Aware Intelligent Systems.” In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 2119–28. ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/1518701.1519023.
Miller, George A. 1956. “The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two: Some Limits on Our Capacity for Processing Information.” Psychological Review 63 (2): 81–97. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0043158.
Montello, Daniel R. 1991. “The Measurement of Cognitive Distance: Methods and Construct Validity.” Journal of Environmental Psychology 11 (2): 101–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-4944(05)80071-4.
Moynihan, Donald, Pamela Herd, and Hope Harvey. 2015. “Administrative Burden: Learning, Psychological, and Compliance Costs in Citizen-State Interactions.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 25 (1): 43–69. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muu009.
Nathan, Mitchell J., and Anthony Petrosino. 2003. “Expert Blind Spot Among Preservice Teachers.” American Educational Research Journal 40 (4): 905–28. https://doi.org/10.3102/00028312040004905.
Nielsen, Jakob. 1993. Usability Engineering. Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2009-0-21512-1.
———. 1994. “Enhancing the Explanatory Power of Usability Heuristics.” In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 152–58. ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/191666.191729.
Nielsen, Jakob, and Rolf Molich. 1990. “Heuristic Evaluation of User Interfaces.” In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 249–56. ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/97243.97281.
Nooteboom, Bart. 2000. “Learning by Interaction: Absorptive Capacity, Cognitive Distance and Governance.” Journal of Management and Governance 4 (1–2): 69–92. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009941416749.
Nooteboom, Bart, Wim Van Haverbeke, Geert Duysters, Victor Gilsing, and Ad van den Oord. 2007. “Optimal Cognitive Distance and Absorptive Capacity.” Research Policy 36 (7): 1016–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2007.04.003.
Norman, Donald A. 1988. The Psychology of Everyday Things. Basic Books.
———. 2013. The Design of Everyday Things. Revised and expanded. Basic Books.
Norman, Donald A., and Stephen W. Draper, eds. 1986. User Centered System Design: New Perspectives on Human-Computer Interaction. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
O’Neil, Cathy. 2016. Weapons of Math Destruction: How Big Data Increases Inequality and Threatens Democracy. Crown.
Paas, Fred, and Jeroen J. G. van Merriënboer. 1994. “Variability of Worked Examples and Transfer of Geometrical Problem-Solving Skills: A Cognitive-Load Approach.” Journal of Educational Psychology 86 (1): 122–33. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.86.1.122.
Paas, Fred, Juhani E. Tuovinen, Huib Tabbers, and Pascal W. M. van Gerven. 2003. “Cognitive Load Measurement as a Means to Advance Cognitive Load Theory.” Educational Psychologist 38 (1): 63–71. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15326985EP3801_8.
Polson, Peter G., Clayton Lewis, John Rieman, and Cathleen Wharton. 1992. “Cognitive Walkthroughs: A Method for Theory-Based Evaluation of User Interfaces.” International Journal of Man-Machine Studies 36 (5): 741–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7373(92)90039-N.
Poursabzi-Sangdeh, Forough, Daniel G. Goldstein, Jake M. Hofman, Jennifer Wortman Vaughan, and Hanna Wallach. 2021. “Manipulating and Measuring Model Interpretability.” In Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1–52. ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445315.
Reeves, Byron, and Clifford Nass. 1996. The Media Equation: How People Treat Computers, Television, and New Media Like Real People and Places. Cambridge University Press.
Ribeiro, Marco Tulio, Sameer Singh, and Carlos Guestrin. 2016. “‘Why Should i Trust You?’: Explaining the Predictions of Any Classifier.” In Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, 1135–44. https://doi.org/10.1145/2939672.2939778.
Schuler, Douglas, and Aki Namioka, eds. 1993. Participatory Design: Principles and Practices. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Seffah, Ahmed, and Eduard Metzker. 2004. “The Obstacles and Myths of Usability and Software Engineering.” Communications of the ACM 47 (12): 71–76. https://doi.org/10.1145/1035134.1035136.
Selvaraju, Ramprasaath R., Michael Cogswell, Abhishek Das, Ramakrishna Vedantam, Devi Parikh, and Dhruv Batra. 2017. “Grad-CAM: Visual Explanations from Deep Networks via Gradient-Based Localization.” In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 618–26. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCV.2017.74.
Shneiderman, Ben. 1983. “Direct Manipulation: A Step Beyond Programming Languages.” Computer 16 (8): 57–69. https://doi.org/10.1109/MC.1983.1654471.
Smith, David Canfield, Charles Irby, Ralph Kimball, Bill Verplank, and Eric Harslem. 1982. “Designing the Star User Interface.” Byte 7 (4): 242–82.
Sweller, John. 1988. “Cognitive Load During Problem Solving: Effects on Learning.” Cognitive Science 12 (2): 257–85. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog1202_4.
———. 2011. “Cognitive Load Theory.” In The Psychology of Learning and Motivation, edited by J. P. Mestre and B. H. Ross, 55:37–76. Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-387691-1.00002-8.
Tintarev, Nava, and Judith Masthoff. 2007. “A Survey of Explanations in Recommender Systems.” In IEEE 23rd International Conference on Data Engineering Workshop, 801–10. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDEW.2007.4401070.
United States Congress. 1990. “Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, Pub. L. No. 101-336, 104 Stat. 327.”
W3C Web Accessibility Initiative. 2023a. “Cognitive Accessibility at W3C.” https://www.w3.org/WAI/cognitive/.
———. 2023b. “Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.2.” https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG22/.
Weiser, Mark. 1991. “The Computer for the 21st Century.” Scientific American 265 (3): 94–104. https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0991-94.
Weizenbaum, Joseph. 1966. “ELIZA: A Computer Program for the Study of Natural Language Communication Between Man and Machine.” Communications of the ACM 9 (1): 36–45. https://doi.org/10.1145/365153.365168.
Zaheri, M., M. Famelis, and E. Syriani. 2025. “Workarounds in Software Forms: A User Study.” In Proceedings of the 2025 IEEE International Conference on Collaborative Advances in Software and Computing (CASCON), 439–47. https://doi.org/10.1109/CASCON66301.2025.00073.
Zhang, S., H. Wang, and X. Yi. 2025. “Exploring Collaboration Patterns and Strategies in Human–AI Co-Creation Through the Lens of Agency: A Scoping Review of the Top-Tier HCI Literature.” Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 9 (7): 1–43. https://doi.org/10.1145/3757594.